What Is Registry?

What is the Registry?

The Registry is a database used to store settings and options for the 32 bit versions of Microsoft Windows including Windows 95, 98, ME and NT/2000/XP. It contains information and settings for all the hardware, software, users, and preferences of the PC. Whenever a user makes changes to a Control Panel settings, or File Associations, System Policies, or installed software, the changes are reflected and stored in the Registry.

The physical files that make up the registry are stored differently depending on your version of Windows; under Windows 95 & 98 it is contained in two hidden files in your Windows directory, called USER.DAT and SYSTEM.DAT, for Windows Me there is an additional CLASSES.DAT file, while under Windows NT/2000 the files are contained seperately in the %SystemRoot%\System32\Config directory. You can not edit these files directly, you must use a tool commonly known as a "Registry Editor" to make any changes (using registry editors will be discussed later in the article).

The Structure of The Registry

The Registry has a hierarchal structure, although it looks complicated the structure is similar to the directory structure on your hard disk, with Regedit being similar to Windows Explorer.

Each main branch (denoted by a folder icon in the Registry Editor, see left) is called a Hive, and Hives contains Keys. Each key can contain other keys (sometimes referred to as sub-keys), as well as Values. The values contain the actualinformation stored in the Registry. There are three types of values; String, Binary, and DWORD - the use of these depends upon the context.

There are six main branches, each containing a specific portion of the information stored in the Registry. They are as follows:


* HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT - This branch contains all of your file association mappings to support the drag-and-drop feature, OLE information, Windows shortcuts, and core aspects of the Windows user interface.
* HKEY_CURRENT_USER - This branch links to the section of HKEY_USERS appropriate for the user currently logged onto the PC and containsinformation such as logon names, desktop settings, and Start menu settings.
* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - This branch contains computer specific information about the type of hardware, software, and other preferences on a given PC, this information is used for all users who log onto this computer.
* HKEY_USERS - This branch contains individual preferences for each user of the computer, each user is represented by a SID sub-key located under the main branch.
* HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG - This branch links to the section of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE appropriate for the current hardware configuration.
* HKEY_DYN_DATA - This branch points to the part of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, for use with the Plug-&-Play features of Windows, this section is dymanic and will change as devices are added and removed from the system.



Each registry value is stored as one of five main data types:


* REG_BINARY - This type stores the value as raw binary data. Most hardware component information is stored as binary data, and can be displayed in an editor in hexadecimal format.
* REG_DWORD - This type represents the data by a four byte number and is commonly used for boolean values, such as "0" is disabled and "1" is enabled. Additionally many parameters for device driver and services are this type, and can be displayed in REGEDT32 in binary, hexadecimal and decimal format, or in REGEDIT in hexadecimal and decimal format.
* REG_EXPAND_SZ - This type is an expandable data string that is string containing a variable to be replaced when called by an application. For example, for the following value, the string "%SystemRoot%" will replaced by the actual location of the directory containing the Windows NT system files. (This type is only available using an advancedregistry editor such as REGEDT32)
* REG_MULTI_SZ - This type is a multiple string used to represent values that contain lists or multiple values, each entry is separated by a NULL character. (This type is only available using an advancedregistry editor such as REGEDT32)
* REG_SZ - This type is a standard string, used to represent human readable text values.



Other data types not available through the standard registry editors include:


* REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in little-endian format.
* REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in big-endian format.
* REG_LINK - A Unicode symbolic link. Used internally; applications should not use this type.
* REG_NONE - No defined value type.
* REG_QWORD - A 64-bit number.
* REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 64-bit number in little-endian format.
* REG_RESOURCE_LIST - A device-driver resource list.



Editing The Registry

The Registry Editor (REGEDIT.EXE) is included with most version of Windows (although you won't find it on the Start Menu) it enables you to view, search and edit the data withinthe Registry. There are several methods for starting the Registry Editor, the simplest is to click on the Start button, then select Run, and in the Open box type "regedit", and if the Registry Editor is installed it should now open and look like the image below.

An alternative Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE) is available for use with Windows NT/2000, it includes some additional features not found in the standard version, including; the ability to view and modify security permissions, and being able to create and modify the extended string values REG_EXPAND_SZ & REG_MULTI_SZ.

Create a Shortcut to Regedit
This can be done by simply right-clicking on a blank area of your desktop, selecting New, then Shortcut, then in the Command line box enter "regedit.exe" and click Next, enter a friendly name (e.g. 'Registry Editor') then click Finish and now you can double click on the new icon to launch the Registry Editor.

Using Regedit to modify your Registry
Once you have started the Regedit you will notice that on the left side there is a tree with folders, and on the right the contents (values) of the currently selected folder.

Like Windows explorer, to expand a certain branch (see the structure of the registry section), click on the plus sign

• to the left of any folder, or just double-click on the folder. To display the contents of a key (folder), just click the desired key, and look at the values listed on the right side. You can add a new key or value by selecting New from the Edit menu, or by right-clicking your mouse. And you can rename any value and almost any key with the same method used to rename files; right-click on an object and click rename, or click on it twice (slowly), or just press F2 on the keyboard. Lastly, you can delete a key or value by clicking on it, and pressing Delete on the keyboard, or by right-clicking on it, and choosing Delete.

Note: it is always a good idea to backup your registry before making any changes to it. It can be intimidating to a new user, and there is always the possibility of changing or deleting a critical setting causing you to have to reinstall the whole operating system. It's much better to be safe than sorry!

Importing and Exporting Registry Settings

A great feature of the Registry Editor is it's ability to import and export registry settings to a text file, this text file, identified by the .REG extension, can then be saved or shared with other people to easily modify local registrysettings. You can see the layout of these text files by simply exporting a key to a file and opening it in Notepad, to do this using the Registry Editor select a key, then from the "Registry" menu choose "Export Registry File...", choose a filename and save. If you open this file in notepad you will see a file similar to the example below:

Quote:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup]
"SetupType"=dword:00000000
"CmdLine"="setup -newsetup"
"SystemPrefix"=hex:c5,0b,00,00,00,40,36,02


The layout is quite simple, REGEDIT4 indicated the file type and version, [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] indicated the key the values are from, "SetupType"=dword:00000000 are the values themselves the portion after the "=" will vary depending on the type of value they are; DWORD, String or Binary.

So by simply editing this file to make the changes you want, it can then be easily distributed and all that need to be done is to double-click, or choose "Import" from the Registry menu, for the settings to be added to the system Registry.

Deleting keys or values using a REG file
It is also possible to delete keys and values using REG files. To delete a key start by using the same format as the the REG file above, but place a "-" symbol in front of the key name you want to delete. For example to delete the [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup] key the reg file would look like this:

Quote:

REGEDIT4

[-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup]


The format used to delete individual values is similar, but instead of a minus sign in front of the whole key, place it after the equal sign of the value. For example, to delete the value "SetupType" the file would look like:

Quote:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup]
"SetupType"=-


Use this feature with care, as deleting the wrong key or value could cause major problems within the registry, so remember to always make a backup first.

Regedit Command Line Options
Regedit has a number of command line options to help automate it's use in either batch files or from the command prompt. Listed below are some of the options, please note the some of the functions are operating system specific.


* regedit.exe [options] [filename] [regpath]
* [filename] Import .reg file into the registry
* /s [filename] Silent import, i.e. hide confirmation box when importing files
* /e [filename] [regpath] Export the registry to [filename] starting at [regpath]
e.g. regedit /e file.reg HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT
* /L:system Specify the location of the system.dat to use
* /R:user Specify the location of the user.dat to use
* /C [filename] Compress (Windows 98)
* /D [regpath] Delete the specified key (Windows 98)

Maintaining the Registry

How can you backup and restore the Registry?

Windows 95
Microsoft included a utility on the Windows 95 CD-ROM that lets you create backups of the Registry on your computer. The Microsoft Configuration Backup program, CFGBACK.EXE, can be found in the \Other\Misc\Cfgback directory on the Windows 95 CD-ROM. This utility lets you create up to nine different backup copies of the Registry, which it stores, with the extension RBK, in your \Windows directory. If your system is set up for multiple users, CFGBACK.EXE won't back up the USER.DAT file.

After you have backed up your Registry, you can copy the RBK file onto a floppy disk for safekeeping. However, to restore from a backup, the RBK file must reside in the \Windows directory. Windows 95 stores the backups in compressed form, which you can then restore only by using the CFGBACK.EXE utility.

Windows 98
Microsoft Windows 98 automatically creates a backup copy of the registry every time Windows starts, in addition to this you can manually create a backup using the Registry Checker utility by running SCANREGW.EXE from Start | Run menu.

What to do if you get a Corrupted Registry
Windows 95, 98 and NT all have a simple registry backup mechanism that is quite reliable, although you should never simply rely on it, remember to always make a backup first!

Windows 95
In the Windows directory there are several hidden files, four of these will be SYSTEM.DAT & USER.DAT, your current registry, and SYSTEM.DA0 & USER.DA0, a backup of your registry. Windows 9x has a nice reature in that every time it appears to start successfully it will copy the registry over these backup files, so just in case something goes wrong can can restore it to a known good state. To restore the registry follow these instruction:
[list=1]
* Click the Start button, and then click Shut Down.

* Click Restart The Computer In MS-DOS Mode, then click Yes.

* Change to your Windows directory. For example, if your Windows directory is c:\windows, you would type the following:

cd c:\windows

* Type the following commands, pressing ENTER after each one. (Note that SYSTEM.DA0 and USER.DA0 contain the number zero.)

attrib -h -r -s system.dat
attrib -h -r -s system.da0
copy system.da0 system.dat
attrib -h -r -s user.dat
attrib -h -r -s user.da0
copy user.da0 user.dat

* Restart your computer.



Following this procedure will restore your registry to its state when you last successfully started your computer.

If all else fails, there is a file on your hard disk named SYSTEM.1ST that was created when Windows 95 was first successfully installed. If necessary you could also change the file attributes of this file from read-only and hidden to archive to copy the file to C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM.DAT.

Windows NT
On Windows NT you can use either the "Last Known Good" option or RDISK to restore to registry to a stable working configuration.

How can I clean out old data from the Registry?
Although it's possible to manually go through the Registry and delete unwanted entries, Microsoft provides a tool to automate the process, the program is called RegClean. RegClean analyzes Windows Registry keys stored in a common location in the Windows Registry. It finds keys that contain erroneous values, it removes them from the Windows Registry after having recording those entries in the Undo.Reg file.

Windows Tips and tricks

Using your windows key

Most of you must have this windows key on your computer . On a windows computer this is a very important shortcut key. In combination with other keys this key forms a very important shortcut which can be used to performe some important tasks shown below:

Windows key combination	Command / Acction
+ E	Open windows explorer
+ R	Opens Run Dialog box
+ L	Locks your computer/workstation
+ D	Shows Desktop (it works like minimize all. If you press + D again it will restore back all the windows) this is quiet a useful key.
+ M	Select application starting with M on your desktop. (Generally My Computer)
+ U	Shows windows utility manager. (Not so useful command)
+ F	Opens Find window
+ H	Opens drawing pad
+ V	Speech recognition software
+ Tab	Cycle throught Applications on your taskbar
+Shift+ Tab	Reverse Cycle throught Applications on your taskbar
+ break	Show system property dialog box

Thanks Nilashis for liking my post. But i could really do with some more replies. It motivates me to write more... newayz.. here is more coming..

Most of the times when we are typing some stuff we hate to have to use mouse. it is really good if we had some keyboard shortcuts to do the work we want .. well, in fact we do have many shortcuts. I will start with how we can start may applications just by bringing up the run dialog box. Below i have listed some applications and their commands...





Pressing “ + R” will bring the run window. Type in the following commands and hit enter to bring the respective application.

The commands mentioned here are generic commands and should work for windows 98 and above although I have only tested them on Windows XP.

Command to type	Application that will open
notepad	Notepad
winword	Microsoft word document
excel	Microsoft excel document
msaccess	Microsoft Access
powerpnt	Microsoft Power Point
mspaint	Paint
iexplore	Internet Explorer
firefox	Fire Fox
calc	Calculator
outlook	Microsoft Outlook
control	Control panel
desktop	Opens your desktop as a folder
explorer	Opens windows explorer
cmd	Command prompt

[/glow]




Commands mentioned below are some advanced commands which open up utilities to configure windows.

Command to type	Application that will open
services.msc	Microsoft Service Console
msconfig	System configuration utility
regedit	Registry Editor
certmgr.msc	Certificate Manager
mmc	Microsoft Management console

[/glow]


The applications mentioned below opens for office 2003.

Command to type	Application that will open
infopath	Microsoft Office Infopath 2003
mspub	Microsoft Publisher 2003
ois        Â	Microsoft Office Picture Manager

[/glow]


Now some interesting stuff......

Command to type	Application that will open
. (Single Dot)	Your user folder.
.. (Two Dots)	A level higher than your user folder (generally Document and setting folder)
…(Three Dots )	Two level higher than your user folder (generally My computer)

Some tips to make your computer faster

1)
Probably most of us are using windows XP as operating system on our computers. XP is know for its better graphics display over its predecessors. But this graphics display comes at a cost of CPU performance. So if you are not so awed by the looks of XP or want a change it for whatsoever reason here is what you can do:

 i) On "My Computer" icon right click and go to "Properties".
ii)Â In the "Sysetm Properties" dialog click on Advance tab.
iii) In the "Advance" tab, inside the performance section there is a "Settings" button. Click it.
iv) In the "Visual Effects" tab, there are various radio buttons. Click on "Adjust for best performance" radio button.
v) Click on "Apply".

Doing this will give your desktop a more traditional look and feel but you will observe some increase in your PC's performance. Personally i love this look and feel more than the XP default look and feel.




2)
Most of us have multiple partition hard disk. When partitioning a hard disk do we ever think the amount we assign to each partition? Well I am not about to go into the details of partitioning but whenever you partition a hard disk remember to give at least 20 GB of space to your system drive (Drive where your OS is installed, typically C:). Keep as much free space on your system drive as possible.

Windows uses a process called as "paging" to allocate runtime memory (also called as virtual memory) to programs. This happens because our RAMs are not always sufficient to handle all theapplication process. Due to this a filled called "pagefile.sys" is created on your system drive. So keep as much space on your system drive as possible. Also regularly defragment your system drive. this will improve the access to the sytsem files by the OS improving the performance of your computer.




3)
Improving your startup.

Whenever you start your windows, many programs are scheduled to start with it automatically. There are many ways to do this, E.g. put the program shortcut manually in Start --> Programs --> Start up or put the program entry in Autoexe.bat file or create a registry entry in the startup section. Well, even though these can be scheduled to start differently, there is a single way to view them: "msconfig" the configuration utility.

Click on Start --> Run.
In the Run dialog type "msconfig" and hit enter.
System Configuration utility dialog box comes up.

The last tab in this dialog box is a startup tab will all the programs schedule to startup start when windows start. Most of these utilities are not requied in our day to day work. Some of them are even viruses or worms or trogans. So remove the programs that you think are not required during startup. To do this uncheck the box against the startup item and click apply.

Now probably the question in your mind is how to decide which items to uncheck and which items to keep untouched??? We have an excellent guide for this. http://www.sysinfo.org/startuplist.php . Here you will find most of the startup program and what to do with them.

Unwanted startup programs not only slows your startup but also runs as a background process clogging your valuable CPU resource time.

Using your windows key

Most of you must have this windows key on your computer . On a windows computer this is a very important shortcut key. In combination with other keys this key forms a very important shortcut which can be used to performe some important tasks shown below:

Windows key combination	Command / Acction
+ E	Open windows explorer
+ R	Opens Run Dialog box
+ L	Locks your computer/workstation
+ D	Shows Desktop (it works like minimize all. If you press + D again it will restore back all the windows) this is quiet a useful key.
+ M	Select application starting with M on your desktop. (Generally My Computer)
+ U	Shows windows utility manager. (Not so useful command)
+ F	Opens Find window
+ H	Opens drawing pad
+ V	Speech recognition software
+ Tab	Cycle throught Applications on your taskbar
+Shift+ Tab	Reverse Cycle throught Applications on your taskbar
+ break	Show system property dialog box

100 keyboard shortcuts

CTRL+C (Copy)

CTRL+X (Cut)

CTRL+V (Paste)

CTRL+Z (Undo)

DELETE (Delete)

SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)

CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)

CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)

F2 key (Rename the selected item)

CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)

CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)

CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)

CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)

CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)

SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the
desktop, or select text in a document)

CTRL+A (Select all)

F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)

ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)

ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)

ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)

CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple
documents open simultaneously)

ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)

ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)

F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)

F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)

SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)

CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)

ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)

Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding
command)

F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)

RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)

LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)

F5 key (Update the active window)

BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)

ESC (Cancel the current task)

SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from
automatically playing)

Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)

CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)

TAB (Move forward through the options)

SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)

ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding
option)

ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)

SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)

Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)

F1 key (Display Help)

F4 key (Display the items in the active list)

BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

micro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)

Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)

Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)

Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)

Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)

Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)

Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)

CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)

Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)

Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)

Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)

Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)

Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)

Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)

Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)

SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)

NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)

Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)

Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

END (Display the bottom of the active window)

HOME (Display the top of the active window)

NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected
folder)

NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)

LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)

RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Shortcut Keys for Character Map

After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the
grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:

RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)

LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)

UP ARROW (Move up one row)

DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)

PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)

PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)

HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)

END (Move to the end of the line)

CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)

CTRL+END (Move to the last character)

SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

micro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+O (Open a saved console)

CTRL+N (Open a new console)

CTRL+S (Save the open console)

CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)

CTRL+W (Open a new window)

F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)

ALT+F4 (Close the console)

ALT+A (Display the Action menu)

ALT+V (Display the View menu)

ALT+F (Display the File menu)

ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)

ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)

SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)

F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)

F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)

CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)

ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)

F2 key (Rename the selected item)

CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console
window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)

ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)

ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)

ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)

ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)

CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)

ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)

CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the
Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation

CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
-------------------------------------------------------------

Press Win+L to switch to the Welcome screen.
-----
Press Win+L to lock your workstation.
-----
You can switch users without going through the Welcome screen: From
Task Manager, go to the Users tab, right-click a user, and select
Connect.
-----
Hold down the shift key in the shutdown dialog to change "Stand By"
to "Hibernate". Or just press H to hibernate instantly. You can
even use the Power Control Panel to configure your power button to
hibernate.
-----
To disable the password when resuming from standby or hibernation,
open the Power Control Panel and uncheck "Prompt for password after
returning from standby" on the Advanced tab.
-----
You can rename multiple files all at once: Select a group of files,
right-click the first file, and select "Rename". Type in a name for
the first file, and the rest will follow.
-----
Hold down the shift key when switching to thumbnail view to hide the
file names. Do it again to bring them back.
-----
When dragging a file in Explorer, you can control the operation that
will be performed when you release the mouse button:

Hold the Control key to force a Copy.

Hold the Shift key to force a Move.

Hold the Alt key to force a Create Shortcut.
-----
If you create a file called Folder.jpg, that image will be used as
the thumbnail for the folder. What's more, that image will also be
used as the album art in Windows Media Player for all media files in
that folder.
-----
From the View Menu, select "Choose Details" to select which file
properties should be shown in the Explorer window. To sort by a file
property, check its name in the "Choose Details" in order to make
that property available in the "Arrange Icons by" menu.
-----
To display the volume control icon in the taskbar, go to the Sounds
and Audio Devices Control Panel and select "Place volume icon in the
taskbar".
-----
Hold down the shift key when deleting a file to delete it
immediately instead of placing it in the Recycle Bin. Files deleted
in this way cannot be restored.
-----
If you hold down the shift key while clicking "No" in a Confirm File
Operation dialog, the response will be interpreted as "No to All".
-----
To save a document with an extension other than the one a program
wants to use, enclose the entire name in quotation marks. For
example, if you run Notepad and save a file under the name

Dr.Z

it will actually be saved under the name Dr.Z.txt. But if you type

"Dr.Z"

then the document will be saved under the name Dr.Z. Note that a
document so-named cannot be opened via double-clicking since the
extension is no longer ".txt".
-----
Put a shortcut to your favorite editor in your Send To folder and it
will appear in your "Send To" menu. You can then right-click any
file and send it to your editor.
-----
Ctrl+Shift+Escape will launch Task Manager.
-----
To arrange two windows side-by-side, switch to the first window,
then hold the Control key while right-clicking the taskbar button of
the second window. Select "Tile Vertically".
-----
To close several windows at once, hold down the Control key while
clicking on the taskbar buttons of each window. Once you have
selected all the windows you want to close, right-click the last
button you selected and pick "Close Group".
-----
You can turn a folder into a desktop toolbar by dragging the icon of
the desired folder to the edge of the screen. You can then turn it
into a floating toolbar by dragging it from the edge of the screen
into the middle of the screen. (It helps if you minimize all
application windows first.)
-----
You can turn a folder into a taskbar toolbar.

First, unlock your taskbar.

Next, drag the icon of the desired folder to the space between the
taskbar buttons and the clock. (Wait for the no-entry cursor to
change to an arrow. It's a very tiny space; you will have to hunt
for it.)

You can rearrange and resize the taskbar toolbar you just created.

You can even turn the taskbar toolbar into a menu by resizing it
until only its name is visible.
-----
In the Address Bar, type "microsoft" and hit Ctrl+Enter. Internet
Explorer automatically inserts the " http://www." and ".com" for you.
-----
To remove an AutoComplete entry from a Web form, highlight the item
in the AutoComplete dropdown and press the Delete key.

To remove all Web form AutoComplete entries, go to the Internet
Explorer Tools menu, select Internet Options, Content, AutoComplete,
then press the "Clear Forms" button.
-----
To organize your Favorites in Explorer instead of using the Organize
Favorites dialog, hold the shift key while selecting "Organize
Favorites" from the Favorites menu of an Explorer window.
-----
You can organize your Favorites by dragging the items around your
Favorites menu.

Alternatively, you can open the Favorites pane and hold the Alt key
while pressing the up and down arrows to change the order of your
Favorites.
-----
To run Internet Explorer fullscreen, press F11. Do it again to
return to normal mode.
-----
If your "Printers and Faxes" folder is empty, you can hide
the "Printers and Faxes" icon when viewed from other computers by
stopping the Print Spooler service.
-----
To add or remove columns from Details mode, select Choose Details
from the View menu, or just right-click the column header bar.
-----
In Internet Explorer, hold the Shift key while turning the mouse
wheel to go forwards or backwards.
-----
In Internet Explorer, hold the Shift key while clicking on a link to
open the Web page in a new window.
-----
In Internet Explorer, type Ctrl+D to add the current page to your
Favorites.

This and many more keyboard shortcuts can be found by going to
Internet Explorer, clicking the Help menu, then selecting Contents
and Index. From the table of contents, open Accessibility and
click "Using Internet Explorer keyboard shortcuts".
-----
In some applications (such as Internet Explorer), holding the
Control key while turning the mouse wheel will change the font size.
-----
To shut down via Remote Desktop, click the Start button, then type
Alt+F4.

Freewares for PC - HUGE & LEGAL

1 Best Free Web Browser

Internet Explorer 7 (IE7) is a competent browser with enough features to meet the needs of most users but is difficult to recommend due to on-going security concerns. In the past IE has been a focus for security attacks and there is little to suggest this will change with the release of IE7. Additionally, Microsoft have a poor track record for speedily fixing IE defects and this has left users open to drive-by attacks and other forms of zero-day exploits.

There are several excellent alternatives with the new Mozilla Firefox V2 [1] a solid first choice. It's safer than IE, so safe in fact that many users have reported no spyware infections since they started using the product. It's also browses a tad faster than IE, is very stable and is more standards compliant. The program loads slower than IE but once running, it positively zips along. With tabbed browsing and over 2000 free extensions (add-ons) that allow you to customize your experience, it provides most users with a major surfing upgrade.Firefox is now my everyday browser though I still leave IE on my PC for the occasional web site that's designed around IE's non-standard features.

An equal first choice is Opera [3]. It's a speed demon; probably the fastest of all the common browsers. But it's much more than that; it's full featured, standards compliant and safe. Just asFirefox is extensible through add-ins, Opera can be enhanced using Widgets, though there are not nearly as many of these available as Firefox extensions. Then again, it doesn't need as many extensions as a lot of the features added by Firefox add-ins are already available built into the standard Opera browser. There's just so much to like about Opera V9 that you could easily create a case that it's better thanFirefox. Indeed, if I could get an Opera replacement for some of my key Firefox add-ins, I'd probably switch.

Users who don't want to drift too far from the Microsoft stable can get some of the feature advantages of Firefox and Opera by using one of the many customized shells for Internet Explorer such as Maxthon [4] and Avant [5]. Their main selling feature for these products used to be tabbed browsing but now that this is available in IE7 it's hard to create a case for their general recommendation. Still if you need a specialized feature they are worth considering. On the downside these shells share most of the same security problems as IE as they utilize the IE engine.

Last but not least is the K-Meleon browser [6], a slimmed down cousin of Firefox that's optimized for Windows. Of the four browsers I use regularly on my different PCs, K-Meleon is the quickest loading and along with Opera, the fastest for surfing. On the downside there are only a limited number of add-ons and plug-ins available so you are pretty well limited to the features available in the standard product. If you are the type of person who prefers performance to bells and whistles you should definitely try K-Meleon.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/[/url]  (5.6MB)
[2] [url]http://www.techsupportalert.com/firefox.htm[/url]
[3] [url]http://www.opera.com/[/url] (4.6MB)
[4] [url]http://www.maxthon.com/index.htm[/url] (1.9MB)
[5] [url]http://www.avantbrowser.com/[/url] (1.86MB)
[6] [url]http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/[/url]  (6MB)

2 Best Free Anti-Virus Software

There are three equal recommendations in this category. First there is AVG Antivirus 7 Free Edition. This product [1] has been continuously refined since it was first released in 1991 and the recently released V7.5 makes further improvements to an already solid product. Additionally, it's relatively small, light on resources, has regular automatic updates and handles email scanning. There is a free and a pro version, the only difference being that the free version has a few non-critical features disabled and has no direct technical support.

Equally effective is the free Avast! scanner [2] though its funky media player style interface is not to everyone's taste. Avast! also required periodic re-registration while AVG does not. However Avast! does not seem to suffer the signature file update problems that plague some AVG users.

My third choice is the AOL Anti Virus Shield [3]. This is a cut down version of the top rated Kaspersky AV and is being made available for free to all uses not just AOL members.

On first sight it seems like an unbeatable deal but it's not quite what it seems. This really is a "lite" version. It lacks the important html and heuristics modules present in the full Kaspersky product so the protection afforded against hostile web sites is actually inferior to AVG and Avast!. Gone, too, is the ability to create rescue disks and to fully manage the quarantine area. The configuration options are also more limited.

That said, AOL Anti Virus Shield still offers more powerful malware detection than AVG and Avast! . It does however need to be augmented by other products to improve protection again hostile sites and zero-day threats. Possible candidates would be a sandbox for surfing (see section 4) and an anti-spyware product with strong real time protection (see section 3).

Both AVG and Avast! are excellent free products that will meet the needs of most users. However neither offers the best malware detection available. That title belongs to commercial products like NOD32, F-Secure, the full version of Kaspersky AV and others. They are however capable packages and offers the financially challenged a real alternative to the major anti-virus suites.

However if you use these free products in conjunction with a free on-demand scanner, you can achieve a level of detection approaching that of the best commercial products. Further improvement is possible by creating a layered defense using additional free security products such as AVG Anti-Spyware (formerly Ewido).

On-demand scans should be run regularly, at least weekly, to check for viruses and other malware that may have been missed by your main scanner.

If you don't use AOL AVS as your main AV product then this should be your the top choice as an on-demand scanner as its detection is outstanding. You should though, disable the AOL AVS real time monitor otherwise you may run into conflicts with the monitor on your primary AV product.

Another top recommendation for an on-demand scanner is AntiVir Personal Edition Classic [4]. It offers significantly better detection rates than either AVG or Avast! but the lack of email scanning precludes recommendation as a primary scanner. However as an on-demand scanner, it's first rate. If you use it in this role, make sure you disable its resident virus guard during installation to prevent it interfering with your main AV scanner. Even so , it's quite an intrusive product -you will certainly be well aware of its presence. Note that the recently released V7 unfortunately introduces a time limited license though apparently this will be renewable.

Yet another good option for on-demand scanning is the free version of the commercial AV product BitDefender [5]. It's a first class product with outstanding detection rates but as the free version lacks an email scanner and a resident virus guard, it's only really suited for use as an on-demand scanner rather than your main AV product. There are some other limitations as well. First it has an annoying habit of detecting malware products that have been quarantined by other security products and you can't exclude these areas from subsequent scans. Secondly, it is only available on a one year non-renewable license.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://free.grisoft.com/freeweb.php/doc/2/[/url] (16.0MB)
[2] [url]http://www.avast.com/eng/avast_4_home.html[/url]   (8.8MB)
[3] [url]http://www.activevirusshield.com/antivirus/freeav/index.adp?[/url] (13.9MB)

Spyware Protection

My top recommendation here is AVG Anti-Spyware [1], a product formerly formerly known as Ewido until it was acquired recently by GriSoft.

Ewido started life as an anti-trojan scanner but has been repositioned as an anti-spyware scanner by the new owners and the new name reflects that re-positioning. Whatever ever it is called it is an excellent anti-trojan and a fine anti-spyware program as well.

In my tests Ewido/AVG Anti-Spyware emerged as was one of the few products that could detect polymorphic and process injecting trojans that were totally missed by many anti-virus products. Unfortunately the free version of AVG Anti-Spyware doesn’t have a memory monitor and this omission significantly reduces the level of active protection provided. However the on-demand scanner is excellent.

I recommend that all average PC users who don't have an anti-trojan scanner download AVG Anti-Spyware and scan
their PCs weekly. I suspect you may be surprised at what you will find. AVG Anti-Spyware is also pretty good at removing some spyware infections so bear that in mind next time you encounter a spyware product you can't remove with normal anti-spyware products like Ad-Aware.

Note that AVG Anti-Spyware only works with Windows 2000 and later so Win 9X users should consider the free version of a2 (a-squared) anti-trojan as an alternative. It's not quite as effective as AVG Anti-Spyware but is still an excellent product.

High risk PC users such as P2P file sharers and frequenters of hack sites, should however consider Trojan Hunter or the full version of AVG Anti-Spyware both of which offer the active protection they need.

Note: The free version of AVG Anti-Spyware is actually the same as the paid version but after 30 days the active protection (i.e. memory monitor) becomes non-functional, automatic updates are disabled and kernel level self protection is turned off.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.ewido.net/en/download/[/url]   (6.17MB)
[2] [url]http://www.emsisoft.com/en/software/free/[/url] (13.2MB)

7 Best Free Rootkit Scanner/Remover

Rootkits are a special kind of software tool used to hide trojans, viruses and other malware from your anti-virus scanner and other security products. Unfortunately, they are extremely effective which means that some of you reading this will be infected even though you believe your PC to be totally clean. Thankfully there is a new class of security product now available called rootkit detectors that use specialized techniques to detect these dangerous intruders.

Most of these detectors require quite a bit of technical skill to interpret the results but one of the simplest to use is also amongst the most effective. It's called BlackLight [1] and is currently available as a free beta from F-Secure. The beta will expire on the 1st of October, 2007 but you can use it freely up to then. I suggest everyone download this product and scan their PC. The chances of you being infected are small but for five minutes work it's not worth taking the risk.

BlackLight will detect most rootkits missed by AV scanners but is can't provide perfect detection; no rootkit detector can. That's why its' advisable to use more than product.

If you are an experienced user you should check out SysInternals RootkitRevealer [2]. It uses a totally different different technique to BlackLight so by using both products together you'll be getting excellent overall detection. RootkitRevealer is however, harder to use than BlackLight and is a bit prone to false positives so take care before deleting detected items. If in doubt, consult the SysInternals RootkitRevealer forum. [3]

Another useful rootkit detector for experienced users is GMER [4] though please read the documentation carefully before using this one. I like this product a lot but it's not for everyone. So if you are the type that simply likes to press the "scan" button then stick with BlackLight ;>)

Currently the biggest guns in the rootkit detection war are two free Chinese products called IceSword [5] and DarkSpy [6]. They are not really detectors like the other products rather they offer a set of tools that can help reveal the presence of a rootkit. These tools include a special process viewer, startup manager and port enumerator that are not fooled by rootkits. It's left to the user though, to interpret the results. In the hands of an skilled user, these are amazing tools but not much use to beginners. The Chinese download sites are slow so I've given local download links [5], [6].

The reality is that at the present time, full protection against rootkits may require the use of multiple products. For details see my article on rootkits

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.f-secure.com/blacklight/[/url]  Free  beta, Windows 2K/ XP/Vista, 879KB
[2] [url]http://www.sysinternals.com/Utilities/RootkitRevealer.html[/url] Freeware, All Windows versions, 231KB
[3] [url]http://www.sysinternals.com/Forum/default.asp[/url]
[4] [url]http://www.gmer.net/[/url] Freeware, Windows NT/ 2K/XP, 480KB
[5] [url]http://majorgeeks.com/Icesword_d5199.html[/url]  Freeware, Windows NT/2K/XP, 2.1MB
[6] [url]http://www.softpedia.com/get/Antivirus/DarkSpy-Anti-Rootkit.shtml[/url]  Windows 2K/XP/2003, 626KB
[7] [url]http://www.techsupportalert.com/rootkits.htm[/url] <= How to deal with the threat of rootkits

8 Best Free Intrusion Prevention and Detection Utility for Home Use

These days all users face a real risk of malicious programs secretly installing themselves on your computer. Anti-virus and anti-spyware products dramatically reduce the chance of infection but are not perfect. In particular they are prone to miss new malware products not yet included in their signature databases. They can also fail to detect malware programs that are cleverly disguised to avoid detection.

To prevent these malevolent programs from slipping by your AV and anti-spyware programs you need additional defenses such as a Host based Intrusion Prevention program (HIPS). These programs pick up intruders by their behavior rather than by their characteristic fingerprint. They are not limited to detecting specific malware products but can target a wide range of interlopers. For the most part HIPS programs all work in a similar manner; they stop any suspicious behavior and then ask the user whether they want to allow it. This, as we shall see, can be a mixed blessing.

Unfortunately most HIPS programs, including the popular free programs WinPatrol and Prevx, generate a lot of warning messages many of which are quite cryptic. These messages tend to alarm many less experienced users who feel there is something wrong and simply don't know how to respond. That's why these products are only suitable for the very experienced (and very patient).

Thankfully a new generation of HIPS programs has emerged that use white lists, black lists, policies and behavior analysis rules along with other techniques to reduce the number of messages and the load on the user.

A prime example of this class of product is the free Cyberhawk program from Novatix. I use it on one of my PC's and it only occasionally issues warnings and even then the warnings are usually real and need to be taken seriously. In essence it provides a vital additional layer of protection to my AV and anti-spyware scanners at little cost in terms of annoyance and no cost in terms of my wallet. It is the stand-out free product in the HIPS category. Note: A number of readers have reported browsing performance problems after installing Cyberhawk. I've not found that myself but be aware that this may be a problem on some PCs.

There are some solid other contenders. Blink Personal from eEye [2] is a HIPS with a firewall as opposed to products like Comodo and ZoneAlarm Pro that are firewalls with HIPS. It's a useful tool for advanced users though I found Cyberhawk to be more effective and yet simpler to configure and use. Blink is also only free for non-commercial use.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.novatix.com/cyberhawk/[/url]  Freeware, Windows 2000 and later, 4.7MB[2]
[2]  [url]http://www.eeye.com/html/products/blink/personal/index.html[/url] Free for personal use,Win2K and later 26.7MB 

9 Best Free Anonymous Surfing Service

There are lots of reasons folks have for wanting to surf anonymously, ranging from simple paranoia to possibly being murdered by a malevolent foreign government. Whatever the reasons, commercial services that offer anonymity are doing real well. However one of the best services JAP [1], is totally free. In fact JAP is perhaps a little too good. That's why the German Police insisted in 2004 that a backdoor be put into the product to allow interception of child pornographers. This was done but subsequently removed as a result of court action by JAP.

An alternative to JAP is a system called Tor [2]. It not only allows anonymous browsing but anonymous P2P, email, IM, and IRC chat as well. Given the US Navy origin of Tor, the suspicion arises that this system may indeed have a permanent backdoor. However the source code is now publicly available so that suspicion can perhaps be set aside. More worrying was a raid by German police in September 2006 involving the seizing of some Tor servers in that country. Again, pedophiles were the supposed target but who really knows.

Whatever, both JAP and Tor offer a level of secrecy that is better than many commercial systems though not watertight. However expect your surfing to slow down as you'll be relayed through a chain of servers particularly with Tor which has been ground to a near standstill by BitTorrent users seeking to hide from the RIAA. Note: the latest V5 release of JAP now allows Tor users to use JAP as a software access point.

A recent development is the release of TorPark [3], a special version of the Firefox browser that has been configured to work with the free Tor anonymizing service and run directly from a USB flash drive. It's a neat idea; just plug in your USB stick to any PC with a USB port and Firefox V2.0.0.2 is automatically launched, set up for secure and private surfing.

The most obvious application is internet cafes, public terminals or indeed any PC including your own where you don't want to leave any trace of your private surfing activities. However, what attracts me is not so much the privacy side as the security potential. That's because TorPark creates a secure encrypted connection between the PC you are using and the Tor servers. This allows you to safely transmit information without fear of interception. This makes it ideal for surfing on open Wi-Fi networks. Previously, secure surfing on such networks required the use of private VPN networks, an option only available to corporates, the well heeled and the technically savvy. Now, using TorPark, any surfer can reap the same security benefits for their browsing.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de/index_en.html[/url]  Freeware, Any Windows system with Java, 107KB
[2] [url]http://tor.eff.org/[/url]   Free BSD License, All Windows, 4.6MB
[3] [url]http://www.torrify.com/software_torpark.html[/url]  Freeware, Windows NT and later, 11MB

10 Best Free Software Suite

The Open CD site [1] offers for free a wonderful collection of just about every application software product you need to run a PC including the latest version of OpenOffice. Many of these freebies substitute admirably for expensive commercial products. There is Abi Word as an alternative for MS Word, OpenOffice for MS Office XP, Thunderbird for Outlook, The Gimp for Adobe Photoshop, 7-zip for WinZip and many more. If you then add to this collection some of the other utilities from my "46 Best-ever Utilities" collection you will have all the software you'll ever need without spending a cent. Note: All of the Open CD utilities can be downloaded for free as a CD ISO image. If you have a slow connection you can purchase the CD for a as little as $1.99. In addition to the Windows versions, the CD also contains the same collection of programs implemented under a version of Linux called Ubuntu that can be booted and run directly from the CD. That way you not only get to try all these great programs you can try Linux as well, without interfering in any way with your current Windows installation.

Update: the folks at Ubuntu [2] are now giving away free CDs containing the latest version of Ubuntu Linux together with most of the programs on the Open CD. They will send you the full Ubuntu installation CDs plus a live CD where you can run Ubuntu directly from the CD. You can order as many CDs as you want and you don't even have to pay the mailing costs! When you get your CDs read this this simple introduction to Linux [3] before starting.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url=http://theopencd.org]http://theopencd.org[/url]
[2] [url=https://shipit.ubuntu.com/]https://shipit.ubuntu.com/[/url]
[3] [url=http://www.paulstamatiou.com/2005/10/24/how-to-ubuntu-linux-for-novices/]http://www.paulstamatiou.com/2005/10/24/how-to-ubuntu-linux-for-novices/[/url]

[4] [url]http://www.free-av.com[/url]  (8.7MB)
[5] [url]http://www.bitdefender.com/PRODUCT-14-en--BitDefender-8-Free-Edition.html[/url] (13.2MB)

3 Best Free Adware/Spyware/Scumware Remover

A couple of years ago most folks relied on SpyBot Search and Destroy and Ad-Aware for spyware protection. Alas spyware has evolved so quickly that these once outstanding products are no longer up to the task of providing primary protection though they remain useful as secondary, on-demand scanners.

The new generation of malware requires a new generation of defensive products. Such products need to provide stronger active protection and broader spectrum detection. The best anti-spyware programs, WebRoot SpySweeper and Spyware Doctor are both commercial products but there are two capable free products that I can recommend.

The first is Microsoft's Windows Defender program [1] which is currently available as a free beta. Defender is the latest re-incarnation of the excellent Giant Antispyware product that Microsoft purchased late in 2004. Based on my tests, Windows Defender is not as effective as its immediate predecessor but still has solid protective capability. I tested it on several drive-by download sites and its multiple real time monitors provided reasonable (though by no means watertight) defense. It appears to be a little vulnerable to polymorphic malware in particular and for this reason I suggest it should be used in combination with regular on-demand scans from the free AVG Anti-Spyware. My other reservation about Windows Defender is that it consumes quite a lot of your processing power. If you have a modern PC this should not be a problem but older machines will definitely suffer a performance hit.

Note that you need a legal version of Windows XP SP2 to run this program. I've been told cracked versions of Defender that will run on any XP SP2 PC are currently circulating on the P2P networks but I'd approach those with caution. The idea of a cracked security program strikes me as an oxymoron.

My second choice is Spyware Terminator. Unlike Windows Defender it works with all versions of Windows so it's the stand-out choice for Windows 9x users. It's no slouch either. Like Windows Defender it has strong active protection. Indeed with its built in HIPS system that warns you of any unrecognized intruders, it has stronger protection against unknown threats than the Microsoft product. This was confirmed on some tests I ran on drive-by download sites where Spyware Terminator proved to be impregnable.

Spyware Terminator has it's own spyware detection engine but gives you the option of using a second engine based on the Open Source ClamWin anti-virus program. ClamAV is not the most effective AV scanner on the market but it's certainly competent and the additional protection can only be a plus.

On the downside Spyware Terminator is slow to scan and can slow down your PC a tad though not as much as Windows Defender. I've also heard reports that support via the free forum is poor.

Choosing between Windows Defender and Spyware Terminator is not easy. As of today I thing Spyware Terminator has the edge but it's difficult to see how free product like this can remain viable, particularly in a high support product class such as anti-spyware.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=435bfce7-da2b-4a6a-afa4-f7f14e605a0d[/url] ( 6.4MB)
[2] [url]http://www.spywareterminator.com[/url] (2.3MB)

4 Best Free Browser Protection Utility

There's a scumware plague at the moment. All it takes is a visit to a pushy web site or a "loaded" shareware install and next minute your Internet Explorer homepage has been changed, your default search setting altered, unwanted ads pop up on your screen and worse.

If you use Windows 2000 or later my top recommendation for safe browsing is a free program called Sandboxie [1] that creates a special contained "sandbox" environment on your PC. While browsing within the virtual sandbox provided by Sandboxie you are totally corralled off from other parts of your PC. So any files you download are isolated to the sandbox. Similarly, any programs that are executed only do so within the sandbox and have no access to your normal files, the Windows operating system or any other part of your PC.

Usage is remarkably simple. To start a sandboxed browsing session you just click the Sandboxie icon from the Quick Launch tray and this will launch your default browser in the sandbox. You can then use it in the normal way to browse to sites or download files.

If you downloaded a file it will install normally but again will be corralled off from your real PC. Anything it writes to your hard drive, any changes to the Windows Registry or changes to the Windows startup will be held in a separate area within the sandbox. Similarly, any new processes running in your computer memory will be sandboxed.

After you have finished browsing you can right click the Sandboxie icon and delete all sandboxed files and processes and your PC will be returned to the same state it was in before the browsing session. If you want retain particular downloaded files you can save them permanently before clearing the contents of the Sandbox.

The advantage is clear: any spyware, trojans, keyloggers or other malware products that infected your PC while browsing will be eliminated.

Sandboxie works fine with all browsers but requires Windows 2000 and later. It can cause problems on some PCs so backup before installing.

Users of earlier Windows versions may want to check out SpywareBlaster [2]. It's is not a sandbox but rather is a program that changes some settings in your computer to help prevent an initial infection. It provides protection against thousands of malevolent products that use ActiveX based exploits, block hostile sites and discards unwanted cookies as well. SpywareBlaster is most effective with Internet Explorer but can be used with Firefox as well. though this may be overkill as Firefox doesn't need to be protected against ActiveX exploits. Once it has changed your setting SpywareBlaster doesn't really need to continuously run on your PC other than to provide automatic updates. These can however be initiated manually. SpywareBlaster is free but the update service costs $9.95 annually.

A companion program to SpywareBlaster is SpywareGuard [3] that provides active protection. It is a monitor that checks programs before they are run for malware behavior and also does some signature checking as well. However of late SpywareGuard seems to have been rather neglected with no new updates for more than a year so I can only give it a qualified recommendation.

An alternative to SpywareGuard is to use one of the free intrusion prevention and detection utilities listed here. These provide active protection against infection and work very effectively in concert with the passive protection provided by SpywareBlaster.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.sandboxie.com[/url]  Free for personal use, Win2K and later, 310KB
[2] [url]http://www.javacoolsoftware.com/spywareblaster.html[/url]  Freeware, all Windows version, 2.5MB
[3] [url]http://www.javacoolsoftware.com/spywareguard.html[/url]  Freeware,  All Windows versions, 913KB

5 Best Free Firewall

No other single product class seems to cause as much angst to average users in their installation and day-to-day use as Firewalls. For such users, Kerio Personal Firewall is my top recommendation as it seems to cause the fewest problems yet manages reasonable protection as well.

Kerio dropped the product in late 2005 but thankfully Sunbelt Software, the makers of the excellent CounterSpy anti-spyware scanner, picked it up and will continue making it available under the name of Sunbelt Kerio Personal Firewall [1] . Note that the free and paid versions of Sunbelt Kerio are the same. If you don't buy the product some advanced features are automatically turned off after 30 days. The product will also nag you every time you start it. For some this is a small price to pay for a great free firewall. For others it's a real turn-off.

If performance rather than ease-of-use is your criterion then the Comodo firewall [2] is the top contender. The firewall itself is very robust and it comes with a well designed intrusion detection system as well. Comodo also supports internet connection sharing, while the free versions of Kerio and ZoneAlarm do not. On the minus side the IDS is initially rather talkative and this can unnecessarily alarm inexperienced users. Additionally Comodo has been known to conflict with some other security products though more recent versions seem to be better in this respect. For the technically initiated this is an outstanding free product and an easy first choice. Note that Comodo requires Windows 2000 or XP SP2.

Also technically impressive is the Jetico Firewall [3]. It rates highest on the leak tests of all firewalls but personally I find it awkward to use. It may however, be just your cup of tea.

Another tricky product is NetVeda Safety.Net firewall [4] however its performance is quite outstanding and it offers application control and content filtering as well. This highly capable product deserves to be better known and experienced users should definitely put it on their short list.

I no longer recommend the free version of the ZoneAlarm firewall [5]. First it is a very basic product compared to the commercial ZoneAlarm Pro version. The leak-test performance of the latest free version is extremely poor while the Pro version is excellent. Second, it can be a troublesome program on some PCs.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.sunbelt-software.com/Kerio.cfm[/url] (7.3MB)
[2] [url]http://www.personalfirewall.comodo.com/[/url] (8MB)
[3] [url]http://www.jetico.com/index.htm#/jpfirewall.htm[/url][ (2.7MB)
[4] [url]http://www.netveda.com/consumer/safetynet.htm[/url] (6.3MB)
[5] [url]http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/company/products/znalm/freeDownload.jsp[/url]  (9.0MB)

6 Best Free Trojan Scanner/Trojan Remover

My top recommendation here is AVG Anti-Spyware [1], a product formerly formerly known as Ewido until it was acquired recently by GriSoft.

Ewido started life as an anti-trojan scanner but has been repositioned as an anti-spyware scanner by the new owners and the new name reflects that re-positioning. Whatever ever it is called it is an excellent anti-trojan and a fine anti-spyware program as well.

In my tests Ewido/AVG Anti-Spyware emerged as was one of the few products that could detect polymorphic and process injecting trojans that were totally missed by many anti-virus products. Unfortunately the free version of AVG Anti-Spyware doesn’t have a memory monitor and this omission significantly reduces the level of active protection provided. However the on-demand scanner is excellent.

I recommend that all average PC users who don't have an anti-trojan scanner download AVG Anti-Spyware and scan
their PCs weekly. I suspect you may be surprised at what you will find. AVG Anti-Spyware is also pretty good at removing some spyware infections so bear that in mind next time you encounter a spyware product you can't remove with normal anti-spyware products like Ad-Aware.

Note that AVG Anti-Spyware only works with Windows 2000 and later so Win 9X users should consider the free version of a2 (a-squared) anti-trojan as an alternative. It's not quite as effective as AVG Anti-Spyware but is still an excellent product.

High risk PC users such as P2P file sharers and frequenters of hack sites, should however consider Trojan Hunter or the full version of AVG Anti-Spyware both of which offer the active protection they need.

Note: The free version of AVG Anti-Spyware is actually the same as the paid version but after 30 days the active protection (i.e. memory monitor) becomes non-functional, automatic updates are disabled and kernel level self protection is turned off.
DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.ewido.net/en/download/[/url]   (6.17MB)
[2] [url]http://www.emsisoft.com/en/software/free/[/url] (13.2MB)

11 Best Free File Manager

Windows Explorer is fine for simple file management activities but when you have some serious work to do, you need a two pane file manager. I use Directory Opus which is IMHO, the best product in this class but costs $59. A good free alternative is xplorer² [1]. It offers a good part of the functionality of Directory Opus and is totally free. As a bonus, its user interface is very similar to Windows Explorer, so most users will find this tool easy to learn and use.

XYplorer is another strong contender. It uses a tabbed view rather than a two pane view which is better when working with multiple folders though not quite as efficient as the two pane approach when working with only two. XYplorer is packed with features included one of the best file-finders I've seen. It's one of those products that impresses more with use. In fact I suspect that if you use it for a month, you'll end up using it permanently. Until the 21st March 2006 it was freeware but has now morphed to shareware but the last free version is still available from the vendor's site [3] and various freeware sites [4].

Some folks just love Free Commander [5], a classic two pane Norton Commander style manager. It's certainly powerful but I find the interface a little dated. However it's free for both private and commercial use and that's a big plus.
DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://zabkat.com/x2lite.htm[/url]   Free for private use, Win 95 and later, 899KB
[2] [url]http://www.xyplorer.com/[/url]  Free for private use, Win 98 and later, 623KB.
[3] [url]http://www.xyplorer.com/download/xyplorer_full_lfv.zip[/url]  All Windows versions, Free for private use, 633KB
[4] [url]http://www.pricelesswarehome.org/2006/PL2006FILEUTILITIES.php#FileManager[/url]
[5] [url]http://www.freecommander.com/[/url]  Freeware, Windows 95 and later, 1.61MB

12 Best Free Email Client

Thunderbird [1] is a free open source POP and IMAP email client developed by Mozilla.org, the same folks who brought you Firefox. Feature-wise it sits somewhere between Outlook Express and Outlook which means that it offers an upgrade to Express users and a downgrade to those who use the more advanced PIM features of Outlook.

All Outlook Express users should seriously consider switching. You’ll be rewarded with a more advanced product including built- in spam filtering, built-in RSS reader, message color coding, fast email search, anti-phishing measures, spell check as you type, inbox filters, Kerberos authentication, automatic updates and the ability to view your mail in conversational threads. On top of that, the product is more secure than OE and unlike the latter, is still being actively developed.

Further features can be added through free extensions. Notable among these is Webmail [2], an extension that allows POP3 access to webmail services operated by Yahoo, Hotmail, Lycos, MailDotCom, Gmail and Libero.

Thunderbird email files can be indexed by the Google, Yahoo! and Copernic desktop search programs.

Switching from Outlook Express is made easier by the fact that Thunderbird looks and works similar to OE. Tools within Thunderbird also allow you to easily import OE account settings and stored email. If you need assistance check out this excellent guide [3] from Mozilla.

If you want an alternative to Thunderbird then try Foxmail [4]. Despite the name it's not related to Firefox but comes out of China. It's an impressive product with features matching or exceeding Thunderbird and it's also really easy to use. My only real beef is the quality of the help files. Yes, they have been translated to English but rather poorly. So poorly that they are actually quite amusing. Don't let that deflect you though, Foxmail is a top product with eight million users world-wide and is a real alternative to Thunderbird. If you need help there's a good FAQ here [5]. Note: If after installing, the program comes up in Chinese, all you have to do is delete the file chinese.lgb in the installation folder.
DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.mozilla.org/products/thunderbird[/url] Free Open Source software, Win 98 and later, 6.0MB
[2] [url]http://webmail.mozdev.org/index.html[/url]
[3] [url]http://opensourcearticles.com/introduction_to_thunderbird[/url]
[4] [url]http://www.softpedia.com/get/Internet/E-mail/E-mail-Clients/Foxmail.shtml[/url] Freeware, Win 95 and later, 5.5MB.
[5] [url]http://www.hazeleger.net/psjs_faqs/index.html[/url]

13 Best Free Web Mail Accessory

It's a real plus to be able to collect your Hotmail, Yahoo! or other Webmail using your POP3 email client. It used to be simple but these days most Webmail services only provide POP3 access for premium paid accounts. However it's still possible to do it though by using a special utility designed for the job.

If you use Yahoo! mail then head straight for YPOPs! [1] that allows you to download your Yahoo webmail from within your POP3 email client such as Outlook, Thunderbird or Eudora. It's free, easy top set up using the instructions on the web site and is simple to use. I use it on multiple Yahoo accounts and it works wonderfully.

The second suggestion is a free utility called FreePOPs [2]. It's a much more flexible product than YPOPs! and will download mail from HotMail, AOL, Yahoo!, Juno, Libero and a myriad of other webmail services as well. It's power and flexibility can confuse new users but thankfully there is a clearly written tutorial for beginners [3] . FreePOPS is for receiving email only and has no sending capabilities.

A third possibility is the Open Source program MrPostman [4] which offers similar functionality to FreePOPs and allows access to email accounts on MS Exchange 5.5 as well. It needs a bit of fiddling to work correctly but you'll find a couple of links below [5], [6} that will help you. My only reservation is that product development seems to have ceased. Note that MrPostman requires the Java Runtime Environment to be installed on your PC.

Another webmail accessory you might useful is POP Peeper, a free utility that lets you know when new mail arrived in your Webmail account. It installs a little tray icon that alerts you to new mail in your Hotmail, MSN, Yahoo, Mail.com, MyWay, Excite, Lycos.com, or RediffMail accounts. It's particularly useful for users who have multiple webmail webmail services. It won't though, download your mail to your POP3 email client. To do that you need one of the products above. It does however, allow you to read and even respond to your mail within the product without opening your email program. This makes it very attractive to Webmail users who don't use a regular email client such as Outlook or Thunderbird.

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1]  [url]http://www.ypopsemail.com/[/url]  Free GPL license, Win95 and later, 1.48MB
[2] [url]http://www.freepops.org[/url] Freeware, Windows 98 and later, 813KB
[3] [url]http://www.freepops.org/en/tutorial/index.shtml[/url]
[4] [url]http://mrpostman.sourceforge.net/[/url]   Free Open Source, 1.5MB
[5] [url]http://2mod2.com/mohot/[/url]   <= Installing Mr Postman
[6] [url]http://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=68124[/url]   <= MrPostman forum
[7] [url]http://www.poppeeper.com/[/url] Freeware, Windows 95 and later, 818KB

14 Best Free Clipboard Replacement Utility

The regular clipboard in Windows has limitations – one item at a time and no retention after logging off. Clipboard replacement utilities provide the ability to hold multiple items and store them for future use, even after logging off. There are many free clipboard replacement utilities available, including CLCL, Clipboard Magic, Clipboard Recorder, Clippy 2001, Ditto, DzSoft Paste & Save, and Yankee Clipper III. While none of these have the very extensive set of features of the class-leading shareware product ClipMate 6 ($29.95), they all offer the basic clipboard replacement features that 95% of us really want and need.

If you just need a basic clipboard replacement utility, look no further than Clipboard Recorder [1]. It will store up to 99 items that can be easily selected and pasted from the popup history list by pressing the shortcut key (Ctrl-Alt-V by default). It supports a variety of formats (text, RTF, HTML, CSV, Bitmap, etc.) and has the ability to transfer copied items between computers. In addition, it is a very small program and uses very little resources. Clipboard Recorder is what the regular clipboard in Windows should have been!

However, if you need advanced features such as the ability to support additional item types, create groups of items, search previous items, and synchronize clipboards across multiple computers, then I would recommend trying Ditto [2]. In addition to its extended feature set, its user interface is very clean, easy to use, and has many configurable options that you can configure to meet your needs. Note that Ditto requires DAO to be installed [3].

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.lw-works.com/[/url]  Windows 98 and later, 382 KB
[2] [url]http://ditto-cp.sourceforge.net/[/url]  Windows 95 and later, 422KB
[3] [url]http://ditto-cp.sourceforge.net/dao_setup.exe[/url]  .3MB



       14 Best Free Clipboard Replacement Utility 

The regular clipboard in Windows has limitations – one item at a time and no retention after logging off. Clipboard replacement
utilities provide the ability to hold multiple items and store them for
future use, even after logging off. There are many freeclipboard replacement utilities available, including CLCL, Clipboard Magic, Clipboard
Recorder, Clippy 2001, Ditto, DzSoft Paste & Save, and Yankee
Clipper III. While none of these have the very extensive set of
features of the class-leading shareware product ClipMate 6 ($29.95), they all offer the basic clipboard replacement features that 95% of us really want and need.

If you just need a basic clipboard replacement utility, look no further than Clipboard
Recorder [1]. It will store up to 99 items that can be easily selected
and pasted from the popup history list by pressing the shortcut key
(Ctrl-Alt-V by default). It supports
a variety of formats (text, RTF, HTML, CSV, Bitmap, etc.) and has the
ability to transfer copied items between computers. In addition, it is
a very small program and uses very little resources.Clipboard Recorder is what the regular clipboard in Windows should have been! 

However,
if you need advanced features such as the ability to support additional
item types, create groups of items, search previous items, and
synchronize clipboards across multiple computers, then I would
recommend trying Ditto [2]. In addition to its extended feature set,
its user interface is very clean, easy to use, and has many
configurable options that you can configure to meet your needs. Note

DOWNLOAD NOW
[1] [url]http://www.lw-works.com/[/url]  Windows 98 and later, 382 KB
[2] [url]http://ditto-cp.sourceforge.net/[/url]  Windows 95 and later, 422KB
[3] [url]http://ditto-cp.sourceforge.net/dao_setup.exe[/url]  .3MB


15 Best Free HTML Editor 

This is one of my most requested items but I've not been able to give any product
my full endorsement. There have been any number of contenders: Amaya
for example, impressed with its standards compliance but was incomplete
while Selida looked slick but had just too many bugs. Finally a
reasonably competent contender has arrived on the scene in the form of
the Open Source Nvu [1]. It's not perfect by any means but it's the best out there.

In reality Nvu is nothing new but rather a reworking of the old Netscape Composer. Composer was always a solid product and the revamp has lifted the product
into another class. Here is an HTML editor and site manager that's easy
enough for beginners to use but powerful enough to build large sites.
It's closer in concept to Microsoft's FrontPage more than any otherproduct
but unlike FrontPage it, thankfully, produces standards compliant code.
Its easy-to-use WYSIWYG editor will delight HTML newbies while HTML
honchos can simply click a tab to switch to code view. Multiple tabs
can be kept open to allow simultaneous editing and there is excellent
support for forms, tables and templates. An internal spell-checker is
included. CSS is handled through the CaScadeS editor from Mozilla
Composer. Nvu also has the handy ability to call W3C's HTML validator
from within theproduct. It's also extensible via XUL. 

Nvu can
upload files to your site via FTP and has some basic site management
features but this is not its strength. Indeed the FTP side of the
program has proved so problematic for some users that they have
switched to using an external FTP client for uploading their sites.
Some users have also reported problems with their HTML getting
scrambled.

Because of these bugs I don't recommend the
official version of Nvu but rather the unofficial release called
KompoZer [2]. This version is still not bug free but it's a lot better
than the official release.

Overall Nvu is an impressive product that has yet to achieve its full potential. No, it's not a replacement
for commercial products like DreamWeaver but for those looking for a
free, easy to use, WYSIWYG HTML it's an easy first choice.

If
you want an editor that puts you closer to the code then you might
consider 1st Page 2000. It's a free, earlier version of Evrsoft's [3]
excellent 1st Page 2006 editor and while lacking many of the features
of the latter, is still a soundproduct . It's not the best choice
though for HTML newbies. Note: The download seems to have been removed
from the vendor's site. It is available elsewhere though [3].

HTML coders should also check out PSPad [5]. It's a general purpose programming editor but it supports
HTML syntax highlighting and allows on-the-fly editing of your server
code that relieves you of the need to separately upload code changes
using FTP. As a bonus it can be run directly from the .exe file without

DOWNLOAD NOW
[1] [url]http://www.nvu.com/[/url]  Free Open Source, Windows 98 and later plus Linux, 6.57MB
[2] [url]http://kompozer.net/[/url]
[3] [url]http://www.evrsoft.com[/url]
[4] [url]http://www.voodoofiles.com/4836[/url] Free, Windows 98 and later, 5.2MB
[5] [url]http://www.pspad.com/en/[/url] Freeware, All Windows versions, 3.4MB


16 Best Free Spam Filter for the Average User 

This is a difficult category as ordinary users need products that are easy to use and frankly, most free spam filters
are way too complex to set up and use. The best products in this class
are in fact, shareware not free. That said, MailWasher [1] is for most
folks, thebest free option. 

MailWasher is an email preview
utility that allows you to check your email on your mail server before
you download it to your PC. The advantage of this approach is that you
can kill unwanted messages including spam, viruses and large
attachments before they get anywhere near your computer. MailWasher
flags for you any messages containing possible spam and viruses for you
to quickly check. It's a simple idea but quite effective and one which
average users find easy to understand.

At the Mailwasher site
you can download a free or "Pro" commercial version. The former lacks
quite a few of the features of its commercial cousin. the most limiting
of which is the ability to a access multiple accounts. However the last
free version of MailWasher before it went commercial is still floating
around the web [2] and it will handle multiple accounts. It too lacks
many of the advanced spam detection features of the current commercial
version but is still very effective. Alternatively, try XTerminator [3]
which works much the same way as MailWasher and is totally free. I must
say though, I prefer MailWasher's user interface.

If you use
Outlook or Outlook Express for your email you have another choice, an
excellent one actually, if you are prepared to have a small advertisement appended to the end of your outbound email.

SPAMfighter
[5] is a network based spam filtering system that uses the opinions of
over two million users worldwide to help classify spam and what's not.

Like all network based spam filters it requires no training: it's ready to go the minute you install it.

Each
email is checked after it is received. If the email has been classified
as spam by a lot of other users on the network then it deleted from
your in-box and placed in a spam mail folder.

It works like a
charm and is a commanding choice or Outlook users. If you can't
tolerate the ads in your email you can have them removed for $19.95 a

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://www.mailwasher.net[/url] ( 3.05MB)
[2] [url]http://www.321download.com/LastFreeware/page2.html#Mailwasher[/url] (1.57MB)
[3] [url]http://www.artplus.hr/adapps/eng/xterminator.htm[/url]  (1.87MB)
[4] [url]http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-antispam.htm[/url]  <=brief review of the best spam blockers
[5] [url]http://www.spamfighter.com[/url]  Windows ME and later, Outlook Express 5.5 and later or Outlook 2000 and later, 842KB,    


17 Best Free Spam Filter for Experienced Users 

There
are many different spam filters available employing lots of different
techniques. In my experience "learning" spam filters that use the
Bayesian statistical approach out-perform most other types of filters
I've tried. Not only are they better at detecting spam they are also
less liable to classify your real mail as spam. This effectiveness
takes a little time to develop as the filter has to be trained to
recognize your spam from your normal mail. It takes a week or so before
results start becoming accurate and best results may take a month or
more. POPFile, a free, open source spam filter, was one of the first
Bayesian filters and is still one of the best. It works as a proxy mail
server so that means that it can be used with any POP email client.
Setup is reasonably straightforward for experienced users but beginners
may be better off with Mailwasher. If you use Outlook there are several
excellent free Bayesian spam filters available including SpamBayes and
K9. Both are simple to install though, like all statistical filters,
they need to go through a training phase before they reach full

DOWNLOAD NOW

http://popfile.sourceforge.net/old_index.html (4.3MB)
[url]http://spambayes.sourceforge.net/[/url]  (3.6MB)
[url]http://www.keir.net/k9.html[/url] (113KB)


18 Best Free Popup Stopper

The
need for popup stopper utilities has fallen away in recent months as
many browsers such as Firefox now have this function built in. If you
need a separate popup stopper and have good PC skills I suggest you try
The Proxomitron. It operates by filtering and transforming all your Web
pages on the fly. As a result you can not only stop pop-ups but
pop-unders, ads, flash animations, status bar scrollers and just about
anything else. Besides, next time you are asked what pop-up stopper you
use, you can answer; "why, I use The Proxomitron" and how cool is that
;>)

The product's author Scott R. Lemmon unfortunately has
passed away but support for The Proxomitron continues through its large
enthusiast following. This is evident from the main download site [1]
which offers several versions of the product including the last version
Scott released before his death. The site also has setup instructions,
resource links and lists of sites where you can test whether the
product is working. There are a number of other enthusiast sites [2],
[3] that offer additional information.

If you are a novice PC
user I suggest you try the Google toolbar [4] rather than The
Proxomitron. It's free as well and has an excellent popup filter built
in. It's nowhere near as flexible as as The Proxomitron, but it

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://proxomitron.info/[/url] Freeware, All Windows versions, 1.38MB
[2] [url]http://accs-net.com/smallfish/prox.htm[/url]
[3] [url]http://www.sankey.ws/proxomitron.html[/url]
[4] [url]http://toolbar.google.com/[/url]


19 Best Free Desktop Search Utility

A
couple of years back there were no contenders for this title. Today we
have a wealth of choices. In a close race I would have to say X1
Enterprise Client [1] comes out in front because of the clear way it
presents search results. It used to be a $99 product but as from mid
2006 is now free for non-commercial use. It's fast, reliable and can
index the contents of 370 different file types including Word, Excel,
PowerPoint, PDF, Outlook, Outlook Express, HTML, text, ZIP and Adobe
PhotoShop It also indexes files for most of the popular e-mail clients
such as Outlook, Outlook Express, Thunderbird, Netscape, Eudora and
Lotus Notes. Note: If you want to use X1 commercially then you can
download Yahoo Desktop Search Program which is actually powered by X1.
Unfortunately the Yahoo product includes quite of other stuff as well
including the Yahoo browser search bar though some of these "extras"
can be disenabled during the install.

X1 can index html files
but can't index your web browsing history. If the later is important to
you, you may want to look at Google desktop search [3]. It not only
will search your web history but offers an Outlook toolbar, integrated
Gmail search and a novel desktop sidebar that allows personalized
search, news, weather, photos and more. The Sidebar also includes a
quite effective application launcher. Some folks love the Sidebar but
others, me included, find it intrusive.

Exalead is a little
known but highly impressive desktop search program from France. It's
great strength is the highly customizable nature of its search,
probably the best of any product. It can also do fuzzy searches as
well. If you need to make highly specified searches then do try
Exalead, you wont be disappointed. Versions are available for English
and French speakers.

All the products I've mentioned require
Windows 2000 or later. If you are stuck with an earlier version of
Windows then try the free Copernic Desktop Search. Just because I'm
mentioning it last don't think it's inferior to the others - it's a
very competent and balanced product and one of the few freebies that
supports network shares. Indeed many experienced users think that
overall, it's the best available. If the email search results were as

DOWNLOAD NOW
[1] [url]http://www.x1.com[/url]  X1 Enterprise Client, Free for personal use, Windows XP, 12.9MB.
[2] [url]http://desktop.yahoo.com[/url] Freeware, Windows 2000 SP3 or later, 5.3MB
[3] [url]http://desktop.google.com[/url] Freeware, Windows 2000 SP3 or later, 2MB
[4] [url]http://corporate.exalead.com/enterprise/l=en?p=produits_exalead-desktop_screenshots[/url] Freeware, Windows 2000 or later,  8.7MB
[5] [url]http://www.copernic.com/en/products/desktop-search/index.html[/url] Freeware, Windows 98 and later. 3MB

20 Best Free Digital Image Viewer 

Three
good choices here. First there's the classic IrfanView. Irfan [1] is a
first class product but one for which I have mixed feelings. That's why
it's been in and out of my "46 Best Freeware" list several times. It's
an amazingly capable product but it just doesn't work the way I want it
to. Other users though, just love it.

A product I feel more
comfortable with is XNView [2]. Like Irfan it is very versatile; it can
read and display nearly 400 types of graphic files and convert any of
these to over 50 formats. It displays pictures very quickly and these
may be viewed full screen, as slideshows or thumbnails. It's quite
capable at processing images, too; you can adjust brightness, color,
apply filters or effects, crop photos, re-size, convert format and
more. These operations can also be carried out from a batch file, which
makes it ideal for converting large digital photos to smaller sizes for
the web or emailing. It supports drop and drag, has many plug-ins, is
available in 44 languages and has full cross-platform support including
Mac. XNView has a lot of similarities with IrfanView, so many in fact,
that it comes perilously close to plagiarism. Put positively, one may
say that imitation is the sincerest form of flattery however the
developer of IrfanView must feel more than a little miffed. XNView is
free for non-commercial use, all Windows versions plus many other
platforms. The standard version for Windows is 3.3MB but I suggest you
download the complete version with all plug-ins which weighs in at
6.8MB.

My third choice and personal favorite is FastStone
Image Viewer [3]. This is a speed demon with a zippiness in displaying
images that's reminiscent of the old ACDSee before it suffered feature
bloat. It supports all major graphic formats and popular digital camera
RAW formats as well. It's also got good basic image editing facilities,
a great slide show and a very cute interface. Much to like here. Free

DOWNLOAD NOW
[1] [url]http://www.irfanview.com/[/url] (874KB)
[2] [url]http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pierre.g/xnview/endownloadwin32.html[/url] (3.3MB)
[3] [url]http://www.faststone.org[/url] (3.0MB)

21 Best Free Digital Editor

I
used to recommend The Gimp [1] but after dozens of letters from newbies
who couldn't manage to install it or work out the idiosyncratic user
interface, I've decided to confine that recommendation to more
experienced users. If that's you and you patient enough to learn the
product's sometimes quaint ways then you may not need to consider
anything else. If you are used to Photoshop you might like to look at
GIMPShop [2] , which changes the user interface of GIMP to something
more familiar though frankly, I prefer the original.

For other
less experienced users there is Paint.net, an amazingly sophisticated
piece of work from computer science students at Washington State
University. It's not quite as powerful as The Gimp but a lot easier to
use and install. It's also getting better; the new V3 beta continues
this product's impressive development record. However V2.x is only for
Windows 2000 while V3 requires XP SP2. You will also need Microsoft's
bulky .NET framework installed on your PC.

Another possibility
is PhotoPlus 6.0 from a company called Serif [4] . It's an impressive
piece of work; again it installs easily and it's loaded with features
including layer support. In fact, it looks and feels like a "lite" and
slightly clunky version of Adobe PhotoShop. Note: You need to register
with your email address to get PhotoPlus and you may receive
promotional material as a result.

Recently I've had a lot of
positive reader feedback about a French product called PhotoFiltre [5].
It's available in a number of languages including English and ( for a
digital editor) is a tiny 1.6MB download. Like PhotoPlus it looks and
works like an old version of PhotoShop. It can read and save files to
JPEG, GIF, BMP, TIFF, PNG, RLE, comes with an impressive range of
tools, brushes and filters. However it can't handle layers. That said,
it offers a lot of functionality for a small program.

All of
the above products are for editing rasterized images. If you want a
vector based editor the top choice is the Open Source Inkscape program.
To quote the website "Inkscape uses W3C standard Scalable Vector
Graphics (SVG) file format. Supported SVG features include shapes,
paths, text, markers, clones, alpha blending, transforms, gradients,
patterns, and grouping. Inkscape also supports Creative Commons
meta-data, node editing, layers, complex path operations, bitmap
tracing, text-on-path, flowed text, direct XML editing, and more. It
imports formats such as JPEG, PNG, TIFF, and others and exports PNG as
well as multiple vector-based formats."

Equally attractive is
its small size compared to most other vector based editors, a mere 24MB
versus several hundred for Illustrator. It's a product in its early
stages; the current release is only at V0.45 and doesn't, for example,
yet support SVG filter effects, animation, and SVG fonts. It is,
however, totally usable. That usability is enhanced by an excellent
user interface and the impressive set of tutorials that come with the
product that help wean the user away from the world of digital images
to the nodes, lines, curves and shapes that form the basis of vector

DOWNLOAD NOW

[1] [url]http://gimp-win.sourceforge.net/stable.html[/url] (7.7MB)
[2] [url]http://www.gimpshop.net/[/url]  (7.4MB)
[3] [url]http://getpaint.net/index2.html[/url] Freeware, Win2K and later, 3.6MB
[4] [url]http://www.freeserifsoftware.com/software/PhotoPlus/default.asp[/url]  Freeware, all Windows, 19.4MB
[5] [url]http://www.photofiltre.com/[/url] Free for personal use, Windows 98 and later, 1.6MB
[6] [url]http://www.inkscape.org/[/url]  Free Open Source, Available for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, 20.7MB.